Under California law (CIC Sections 10146 and 10147(b)), an insurer is prohibited from:
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Answer & full 3-part explanation (select an option above, or peek)
Why A is correct
California law bars insurers from using genetic characteristics in underwriting and from denying coverage or charging different rates because an applicant declined to submit to genetic testing. The purpose is to prevent discrimination against people with genetic predispositions and to keep genetic information from blocking access to insurance. Routine underwriting tools such as medical examinations and medical history remain fully permissible; the prohibition targets genetic information and testing specifically. The statute also requires confidentiality for genetic information and prohibits conditioning coverage on the disclosure of genetic test results.
Why the other options are wrong
- B) Asking age and address is standard underwriting practice and is not prohibited by California law. The same prohibition protects applicants who decline testing from being penalized or surcharged for that choice.
- C) Medical examinations are a normal underwriting tool, and insurers may still require them during the application process. Basic identifying data such as age and address remains part of the normal application process.
- D) Medical history remains a legitimate basis for classifying risk; only genetic characteristics are off-limits. Insurers may still require medical examinations as a completely standard part of their underwriting process.
Memory hook
Genes and genetic-test refusals are off the table for California underwriters. History and exams stay on it.